130-140 is a little low, normal would be in the 160 to 180 range. Normally, if the jeep had the heater, it should have had a 180 thermostat, but you don't know what others have put in there for a thermostat over it's decades of civilian service. Remember the gauge and sending unit are likely almost 50 years old, so it would not be inconceivable it could be out 30° or so. The moisture in the gauge is not ideal, since they were a sealed unit. You can either live with that or replace it. I suppose you could run the Jeep and check the engine temp at the upper core of the rad with a digital thermometer of some kind.
It sounds to me like your radiator may have been simply overfull. The Jeep will find it's own level.
Re the rear fluid, another good indicator that you need to check the rear bearings. If the Jeep was deep enough to ingest water into the diff, then it was deep enough to contaminate the rear wheel bearings.
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